What is required for a vehicle to be legally operated on public roads?

For a vehicle to be legally operated on public roads, both a valid driver's license and active insurance coverage are essential requirements. A valid driver's license proves that the driver has undergone the necessary training and examination to operate the vehicle safely and legally. This is a legal requirement to ensure that drivers possess the skills and knowledge needed for safe driving.

Active insurance coverage is equally important, as it provides financial protection in the event of an accident or damage caused by the vehicle. This requirement is in place to ensure that drivers can cover the costs of damages or injuries they may cause to others while driving. It also protects the driver from significant financial liability.

While compliance with emissions standards is important for environmental reasons, it does not factor into the legal requirements for operating a vehicle on public roads. Thus, the combination of having a valid driver's license and active insurance coverage is essential for lawful operation, making the choice that includes both of these requirements the correct answer.