What are 'traffic calming measures'?

Traffic calming measures refer to techniques and design strategies specifically implemented to enhance safety and encourage lower speeds among vehicles in certain areas. The measures are intended to improve the environment for pedestrians and cyclists, reduce the number of accidents, and foster a more community-friendly atmosphere.

The correct response encompasses devices such as speed bumps, roundabouts, chicanes, and curb extensions, all of which serve to alter driver behavior by physically modifying the roadway. These designs create a psychological impact on drivers, prompting them to reduce their speed in order to navigate the roadway safely.

In contrast, the other options highlight elements related to traffic management but do not directly align with the purpose or function of traffic calming. Speed limit signs are informative but do not change the physical characteristics of the road itself. Traffic signals help control vehicle flow, which is more about managing the timing of vehicle movement rather than modifying physical road conditions. Semi-permanent roadblocks could hinder traffic flow but lack the nuanced design intent to safely slow down traffic while encouraging multi-modal usage of the road. Thus, the identified answer accurately captures the essence of traffic calming measures.